Which of the following is NOT one of the three levers of performance-improvement efforts?

The three levers of performance-improvement efforts typically encompass employee engagement, process improvement, and technology. Each of these levers plays a crucial role in enhancing organizational performance.

Employee engagement focuses on motivating and involving employees in their work, leading to higher productivity and satisfaction. Process improvement pertains to refining organizational processes to increase efficiency and effectiveness, while the technology lever pertains to the adoption of new tools and systems that can enhance productivity and streamline operations.

While HR management is indeed fundamental in supporting these performance-improvement efforts, it does not directly qualify as one of the three primary levers. Instead, HR management typically functions as a support structure that enables the other levers to be effective. This difference is essential for understanding how organizations implement strategies for performance enhancement and the distinct roles various elements play in that process.