Which method helps to avoid errors such as central tendency, leniency, and strictness in appraisals?

The alternation ranking method is effective in minimizing errors such as central tendency, leniency, and strictness because it forces evaluators to think about relative performance rather than absolute performance. In this method, employees are ranked from best to worst based on specific criteria, which helps eliminate biases that might arise if a rater were to assign scores on a scale.

Central tendency occurs when evaluators tend to avoid extreme ratings, leading to a clustering of scores around the middle of a scale. By requiring a strict ranking, the alternation ranking method compels evaluators to differentiate clearly between the best and worst performers, thus reducing this error.

Leniency and strictness errors are related to the tendency of some evaluators to rate everyone high (leniency) or low (strictness). The alternation ranking method mitigates this by ensuring that evaluators cannot assign similar rankings to multiple individuals unless they truly have similar performance levels. This method provides a balanced and comparative approach to performance appraisal, leading to more accurate assessments.