What process involves deciding which job positions in a firm need to be filled?

The correct answer is Workforce Planning. This process is essential for organizations as it involves analyzing the current workforce and determining future staffing needs based on various factors such as business goals, market conditions, and employee turnover. Workforce planning aims to ensure that the organization has the right number of people with the right skills in the right positions at the right time.

Through effective workforce planning, HR professionals can identify gaps in the organization's labor force and make informed decisions about which job positions need to be filled. This proactive approach helps in aligning the workforce with the strategic objectives of the company and can contribute to improved overall performance.

Other options, while related to the broader human resource management process, do not specifically focus on the assessment and identification of job positions that need to be filled in the same comprehensive manner that workforce planning does. For instance, recruitment planning centers on how to attract potential applicants, staffing analysis looks at the effectiveness of the current staffing process, and resource allocation refers to distributing resources across the organization, rather than specifically identifying positions to be filled.